Clinical Significance of Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain-Containing 7A and Neural Epidermal Growth Factor-Like 1 Protein in M-Type Phospholipase A2 Receptor-Negative Membranous Nephropathy / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) and neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL1) in phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)-negative membranous nephropathy (MN). Methods A total of 116 PLA2R-negative MN patients treated in Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from 2014 to 2021 were enrolled in this study.Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect THSD7A and NELL1 in the renal tissue.The pathological characteristics,treatment,and prognosis were compared between positive and negative groups. Results The 116 PLA2R-negative MN patients included 23 THSD7A-positive patients and 9 NELL1-positive patients.One patient was tested positive for both proteins.The THSD7A-positive group showed higher positive rate of IgG4 (P=0.010),more obvious glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening (P=0.034),and higher proportion of stage Ⅱ MN and lower proportion of stage I MN (P=0.002) than the THSD7A-negative group.The NELL1-positive group had lower positive rates of C1q and IgG2 (P=0.029,P=0.001),less obvious GBM thickening (P<0.001),more extensive inflammatory cell infiltration (P=0.033),lower proportion of deposits on multi-locations (P=0.001),and lower proportion of atypical MN (P=0.010) than the NELL1-negative group.One patient with THSD7A-positive MN was diagnosed with colon cancer,while none of the NELL1-positive patients had malignancy.Survival analysis suggested that THSD7A-positive MN had worse composite remission (either complete remission or partial remission) of nephrotic syndrome than the negative group (P=0.016),whereas NELL1-positive MN exhibited better composite remission of nephrotic syndrome than the negative group (P=0.015).The MN patients only positive for NELL1 showed better composite remission of nephrotic syndrome than the MN patients only positive for THSD7A (P<0.001). Conclusions THSD7A- and NELL1-positive MN is more likely to be primary MN,and there is no significant malignancy indication.However,it might have a predictive value for the prognosis of MN.

Effect of Modified Chaihu Shugansan and Its Disassembled Formulas on ACE2- Ang （Ⅰ-Ⅶ）-MasR Axis in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia and Depression / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of modified Chaihu Shugansan（CHSG） and its disassembled formulas on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）-angiotensin （Ⅰ-Ⅶ） ［Ang （Ⅰ-Ⅶ）］-mitochondrial assembly receptor （MasR） axis in hyperlipidemic rats with myocardial ischemia and depression， and to explore the underlying mechanism of its prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia and depression. MethodA total of 108 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a modified CHSG group （11.7 g·kg-1）， a Quyu Huatan disassembled formula group （4.05 g·kg-1）， a Shugan Xingqi disassembled formula group （3.15 g·kg-1）， a Jianpi Yangxue disassembled formula group （4.5 g·kg-1）， a fluoxetine group （0.001 8 g·kg-1）， a trimetazidine group （0.005 4 g·kg-1）， and a simvastatin group （0.001 8 g·kg-1）， with 12 rats in each group. The hyperlipidemia model with myocardial ischemia and depression was induced with a high-fat diet combined with injection of isoproterenol （ISO） and chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） in rats in the model group and groups with drug intervention for eight weeks. The rats in each group with drug intervention were treated correspondingly by gavage from the first day of modeling， while those in the normal group and the model group received the same amount of normal saline. The behavioral changes of rats in each group were observed by open field test and forced swimming test. Left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） and left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） were measured by echocardiography. The serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were detected by the enzyme-labeled apparatus. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histomorphological changes of the heart. The serum levels of angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ）， ACE2， and Ang（Ⅰ-Ⅶ） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein and mRNA expression of ACE2 and MasR in the hippocampus and the heart was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced movement time， distance， and average speed in the central area of the open field （P<0.01）， prolonged immobility time of rats in the forced swimming test （P<0.01）， decreased LVFS and LVEF （P<0.01）， inflammatory exudation and disorderly arranged fiber in heart tissues， elevated serum levels of TC， LDL-C， AngⅡ， ACE2 and Ang（Ⅰ-Ⅶ）， diminished HDL-C （P<0.01）， dwindled mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 in the hippocampus and the heart and MasR in the hippocampus， and up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of MasR in the heart （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the modified CHSG group displayed increased movement time， distance， and average speed in the center area of the open field （P<0.01）， shortened immobility time in the forced swimming test （P<0.01）， increased LVFS and LVEF （P<0.01）， relieved heart injury， reduced serum levels of TC， LDL-C， AngⅡ， ACE2， and Ang（Ⅰ-Ⅶ）， elevated level of HDL-C （P<0.01）， up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 in the hippocampus and the heart and MasR in the hippocampus， and down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of MasR in the heart （P<0.01）. Each disassembled formula could improve the above indexes to a certain extent （P<0.05， P<0.01）， but the effect of the whole formula was optimal. ConclusionThe modified CHSG and its disassembled formulas have the effects of resisting depression， improving myocardial injury， and reducing blood lipid. Due to the synergistic effects of stasis-resolving/phlegm-eliminating drugs， liver-smoothing/Qi-moving drugs， and spleen-tonifying/blood-nourishing drugs in the formula， the modified CHSG is superior to each disassembled formula in efficacy. Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the ACE2-Ang （Ⅰ-Ⅶ）-MasR axis.

Geographic variations in the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in China: a retrospective study based on 92 million newborns screened in 2013-2018 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Although congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been widely studied in Western countries, CH incidence at different administrative levels in China during the past decade remains unknown. This study aimed to update the incidence and revealed the spatial pattern of CH incidence in the mainland of China, which could be helpful in the planning and implementation of preventative measures.@*METHODS@#The data used in our study were derived from 245 newborns screening centers that cover 30 provinces of the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System. Spatial auto-correlation was analyzed by Global Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi statistics at the provincial level. Kriging interpolation methods were applied to estimate a further detailed spatial distribution of CH incidence at city level throughout the mainland of China, and Kulldorff space scanning statistical methods were used to identify the spatial clusters of CH cases at the city level.@*RESULTS@#A total of 91,921,334 neonates were screened from 2013 to 2018 and 42,861 cases of primary CH were identified, yielding an incidence of 4.66 per 10,000 newborns screened (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.62-4.71). Neonates in central (risk ratio [RR] = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.82-0.85) and western districts (RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.69-0.73) had lower probability of CH cases compared with the eastern region. The CH incidence indicated a moderate positive global spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran I value = 0.394, P  < 0.05), and the CH cases were significantly clustered in spatial distribution. A most likely city-cluster (log-likelihood ratio [LLR] = 588.82, RR = 2.36, P  < 0.01) and 25 secondary city-clusters of high incidence were scanned. The incidence of each province and each city in the mainland of China was estimated by kriging interpolation, revealing the most affected province and city to be Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou city, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#This study offers an insight into the space clustering of CH incidence at provincial and city scales. Future work on environmental factors need to focus on the effects of CH occurrence.

Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, screening and evaluation, diagnostic strategies and treatment of impulse control disorder after Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods:Studies related to Parkinson's disease complicated with impulse control disorder were retrieved using subject search from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data, until December, 2020, and supplemented by reference backtracking and manual retrieval. Results:A total of 2355 studies were returned first, and 30 were included, from ten countries, mainly published in journals about medicine, neurology, psychiatry, sleep medicine and movement disorders, etc., between 2010 and 2020. The researches mainly involved the pathogenesis, risk factors, screening and evaluation, diagnostic strategies and treatment. Conclusion:There are many risk factors for impulse control disorder in PD patients, mostly the dopaminergic drugs, especially dopamine receptor agonists. Interventions for impulse control disorders emphasize prevention and early identification. Individualized and symptomatic treatments based on adjustment of dopamine receptor agonists are needed.

Coping Behaviors and Its Influential Factors for Caregivers of Children with Disabilities in Developed Areas in China / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the current status of coping behaviors among caregivers of children with disabilities in the context of rehabilitation and its influencing factors. Methods:From December, 2019 to January, 2020, and August to September, 2020, a total of 358 caregivers (parents) of children with disabilities were surveyed in Shanghai. They were evaluated in the context of rehabilitation of children with disabilities with Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors. Results:The total score of CHIP was (106.00±23.45) and the average score of CHIP was (2.36±0.52). Among the caregiver factor, mothers (B = 7.607, 95%CI 2.477 to 12.737, P = 0.004), and caregivers who didn't need to care for others (B = 5.758, 95%CI 1.174 to 10.343, P = 0.014) reported higher CHIP score. Among the child factors, higher CHIP score was reported in caregivers who had more partners (B = 2.925, 95%CI 1.233 to 4.618, P < 0.001), participated in public space activities more frequently (B = 3.906, 95%CI 1.743 to 6.068, P < 0.001) and perceived changes in rehabilitation outcomes (B = -16.832, 95%CI -31.471 to -2.193, P = 0.024); CHIP score was lower in thoses of 3 to < 6 years old (B = -7.914, 95%CI -15.157 to -0.671, P = 0.032) and with intellectual disability children (B = -11.153, 95%CI -21.360 to -0.947, P = 0.032). Among the environmental factors, caregivers who perceived more friendly social attitude (B = 2.560, 95%CI 0.615 to 4.505, P = 0.010) reported higher CHIP score. Conclusion:It is proposed to learn the coping needs of caregivers of children with disabilities in the context of rehabilitation. The coping behaviors of caregivers are influenced by multiple factors, such as children's individual, caregivers and environment.

Depression and Its Influencing Factors of Caregivers for Children with Disabilities / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the depression status of caregivers of children with disabilities and analyze the influencing factors. Methods:From August to September, 2020, a one-to-one interview was conducted using a convenience sampling method to determine the depression status of 334 caregivers of children with disabilities in Shanghai. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 Item (PHQ-9) was used to evaluate the depression status. The data were analyzed with univariate analysis from three aspects: caregiver, care recipient and environment. Then, the statistically significant variables were included in a dichotomous logistic regression. Results:The depression rate of 334 caregivers of children with disabilities was 35.9%. Among the caregiver factors, female caregivers had a higher risk of depression than male (OR = 2.193, 95%CI 1.131 to 4.254, P = 0.002). Among the care recipient factors, poor sleep quality (OR = 1.942, 5%CI 1.113 to 3.386, P < 0.05), emotional instability (OR = 17.456, 95%CI 2.534 to 120.240, P < 0.05) and types of disability (ORintelligence = 5.401, 95%CI 1.995 to 14.624; ORmental = 3.712, 95%CI 1.615 to 8.530; ORphysical = 2.913, 95%CI 1.330 to 6.379; P < 0.05) were associated with the depression of caregivers. Among the environmental factors, caregivers in rented housing had a higher risk of depression than those in owner-occupied housing (OR = 1.727, 95%CI 1.135 to 2.627, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The depression status of caregivers of children with disabilities is not optimistic, with higher rates of reported depression among female caregivers, caregivers in rented housing; caregivers of children with intellectual, mental and physical disabilities, and poor sleep quality and emotional instability.

Research on grade evaluation method of Paeoniae Radix Rubra based on correlation of "biological activity-quality marker" / 中草药

Objective: A logistic regression model for grade evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra medicinal slices was constructed based on the quality control idea of traditional Chinese medicines that "ingredients reflect activity and activity expresses effect". Methods: Q-marker content of paeoniflorin was tested by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Anticoagulation valence, inhibition rate of hydroxyl radical and DPPH clearance rate were used as evaluation indexes of biological activity. Correlations between paeoniflorin content in different batches and bioactivity indexes were analyzed by the logistic algorithm. Finally, a "principal component analysis-Logistic regression" model for grade evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra was constructed. Results: According to grade evaluation results, the grade probability of different batches of Paeoniae Radix Rubra was higher than 95%. Among 16 batches of Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 15 batches were evaluated excellent, good and moderate (five for each), and one batch was evaluated poor. Conclusion: A new grade evaluation method for Paeoniae Radix Rubra medicinal slices is constructed preliminarily. It is applicable to quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Rubra medicinal slices.

Research progress of endogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary fibrosis / 生理学报

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, diffuse, interstitial lung disease involving the pulmonary interstitium, alveoli, and bronchioles caused by various causes. There is no effective treatment. Currently, exogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation has attracted much attention as a new stem cell therapy in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Less attention has been paid to the functional status of endogenous BM-MSCs during pulmonary fibrosis. Based on summary on the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of BM-MSCs and its mechanism, this review further discusses the abnormal changes of bone marrow function in animals with pulmonary fibrosis and the role of glutamate NMDA receptor overactivation in mediating the functional inhibition of endogenous BM-MSCs induced by pulmonary fibrosis. This will provide potential ideas for finding effective treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.

Correlation of Color Vision to Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Parkinson's Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the change of color vision and anxiety or depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods:From November, 2018 to November, 2019, 63 PD patients from the PD database of Department of Neurology, Dalian Friendship Hospital were selected, and they were tested with Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test (FMT), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Their age, gender, course of disease, education level, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRSIII), levodopa dose, and scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were collected as related factors, and anlyzed with correlation analysis and multivariate regression. Results:The score of FMT was correlated with the scores of HAMA, SAS, HAMD, SDS, and both HADS anxiety and depression (r > 0.561,P < 0.001). Age, H-Y stage, course of disease, score of UPDRSIII, levodopa dose and scores of MMSE and MoCA were related with the score of FMT independently. Conclusion:Color vision dysfunction in PD patients is correlated to the severity of anxiety and depression, and it is affected with age, severity of PD and cognitive impairment.

Advance in Visual Dysfunction for Alzheimer's Disease (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

In recent years, it is found that β-amyloid deposites in the retina of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), synchronizing with intracranial changes. AD patients lose their visual acuity and visual contrast sensitivity and demonstrate glaucoma-like visual field loss, color vision disorder, visual hallucination and visual space damage, etc. The retinas become thinner, the latency of electroretinogram prolongs with amplitude decrease, and the latency of visual-evoked potential prolongs.

Quantitative determination of nine furanocoumarins for quality evaluation of Angelica dahurica from different habitats / 中国中药杂志

A UPLC method has been developed for simultaneous determination of nine furanocoumarins of Angelica dahurics,and was used for quality evaluation of A. dahurica from different habitats. ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column was employed,the separation was performed with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water,and the detection wavelength was set at254 nm. This method was used to simultaneously determine the content of xanthotoxol,oxypeucedaninhydrate,byak-angelicin,psoralen,xanthotoxin,bergapten,oxypeucedanin,imperatorin and isoimperatorin in A. dahurica from different habitats. Then,the further quality assessment of the drug was carried out by similarity evaluation,cluster analysis( CA),principal component analysis( PCA),and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA). The content order of measured furanocoumarins from high to low was: oxypeucedanin>imperatorin>isoimperatorin>oxypeucedaninhydrate>bergapten>byak-angelicin>xanthotoxin>xanthotoxol>psoralen,with the mean content 2. 844,1. 277,0. 649 2,0. 216 2,0. 129 8,0. 062 68,0. 052 68,0. 019 30,0. 018 19 mg·g-1,respectively. There were difference between the batches of the drug,and the quality was influenced by smouldering sulphur based on the results of chemical pattern recognition and content determination. Finally,six active ingredients were recognized as the quality makers using OPLS-DA method. The validated UPLC fingerprint combined with chemical pattern recognition method can be used in the quality control and evaluation of A. dahurica.

Advance in Exercise and Related Mechanisms for Parkinson's Disease (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Parkinson's disease is a common degenerative disease of central nervous system. Exercise for Parkinson's disease includes Taiji Quan, treadmill, dance and balance training, etc. Taiji Quan exercise is mainly for balance function, and treadmill training for gait obstacles. Dance can improve not only balance and gait, but also cognition and emotion. The possible molecular mechanism may involve to adjust the content of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostatin, increase the content of non-dopaminergic transmitters, increase brain-derived neurotrophic factors, promote the plasticity of nerve cells, reduce oxidative stress, enhance mitochondrial activity, and activate the immune system, etc., to slow the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Evaluation for Parkinson's Disease with Chinese Version of MDS-UPDRS and Original UPDRS / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and then do comparative analysis with original UPDRS. Methods:From May, 2016 to December, 2018, 225 patients with Parkinson's disease were respectively evaluated by MDS-UPDRS and UPDRS, and then the reliability and validity of MDS-UPDRS were evaluated. Correlation between two scales was analyzed. Results:The Cronbach's coefficient of the total MDS-UPDRS was 0.734. Rank correlation's coefficient was 0.905. For factor analysis, KMO was 0.728. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the correlation's coefficient of the common factor of the two scales was 0.969, while the correlation's coefficient of the total score of the two scales was 0.972. Compared with UPDRS, MDS-UPDRS added a number of non-motor symptoms, which adjusted the standard of measurement and increased the accuracy degree of evaluation at early stage of disease. Besides, MDS-UPDRS added a lot of instructions to evaluate the standards to make the evaluation normatively. Conclusion:Chinese version of MDS-UPDRS has high reliability and validity, and highly correlate with the original UPDRS. It is more suitable for Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease in clinical evaluation than UPDRS.

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Blood-brain Barrier in SAMP8 Mice / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on blood-brain barrier to promote intake of drugs into brain of SAMP8 mice. Methods:The male SAMP8 mice (30-week-old) were randomly divided into model group (n = 7), drug group (n = 7), acupuncture group (n = 7) and combined group (n = 7). Other SAMR1 mice were as control group (n = 7). The acupuncture group and the combined group accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Yintang (EX-HN3), the drug group and the combined group accepted Donepezil, for four weeks. They were observed hippocampus tight junction (TJ) under transmission electron microscope. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in hippocampus were detected with immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of ZO-1, Claudin-5 and Occludin was detected with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:TJ and basement membrane in the control group, the acupuncture group and the combined group were better than those in the model group and the drug group. AChE was the most in the combined group, and then the drug group and the control group, the acupuncture group and the model group (P < 0.001). The expression of mRNA of ZO-1, Claudin-5 and Occludin was more in the acupuncture group and the combined group than in the drug group (P < 0.01). Conclusion:Electroacupuncture could ameliorate blood-brain barrier disruption and promote drug to enter the brain in SAMP8 mice, which may relate to the adjustion of ZO-1, Claudin-5 and Occludin.

Exosomes from LPS treated mesenchymal stem cells regulate proportion of Ly6C monocyte population / 中国药理学通报

Aim To determine the effect of exosomes from lipopolysaccharide-treated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on proportion of Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow monocytes/macrophages in inflammatory micro- environment. Methods BMSCs were obtained by gra-dient centrifugation, identified and then treated with li-popolysaccharide for 48 h. The exosomes were purified from conditional medium with or without LPS treatment and identified by CD63 protein using Western blot and transmission electron microscope. The diameters and concentration were detected by Nanoparticle Trafficking Analysis ( NTA ) . The monocytes/macrophages were sorted from bone marrow of the mice by magnetic beads. Cells were co-cultured with exosomes for 24 hours, and then treated with LPS for 48 hours. The proportion of Ly6C monocytes/macrophages was detec-ted by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines in cell supernatant were investigated using ELISA. Results BMSCs surface markers CD44, CD90 were positively detected, but CD34, CD45 were not expressed. BM-SCs presented adipogenic differentiation ability. Exo-somes were positively expressing CD63 protein, and NTA showed that the diameters of exosomes were up to (82.4 ± 3.7 ) nm. BMSCs stimulated by LPS pro- duced more exosomes ( P < 0.01 ) . Exosomes from BMSCs with or without LPS treatment could increase the ratio of Ly6Chigh monocytes (P<0.01) and down-regulate the ratio of Ly6Chigh macrophages (P<0.05), and the effect of LPS treated-exosomes was more signif-icant than untreated-exosomes (P<0.05). Moreover, the concentration of IL-6 was also elevated under exo-somes treatment ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusions Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes contribute to the regulation of Ly6Chigh monocytes/mac-rophages, indicating that they could be involved in the therapeutic treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic analysis of bacillary dysentery in Zhengzhou city from 2004 to 2016 / 天津医药

Objective To understand the epidemic and etiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery and provide scientific evidence for the prevention strategies. Methods The surveillance data and serotyping of bacillary dysentery in Zhengzhou city from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 29 284 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported in Zhengzhou from 2004-2016.The average annual incidence was 31.28 per 100 000 and decreased annually(χ2=103.60,P<0.001).The peak season was from May to October.The incidence was higher in city than that of county,and male was higher than female.The majority of the bacillary dysentery cases was children under 3 years old, and scattered children were the main population at risk.A total of 385 Shigella strains were isolated and identified from 2004 to 2016, and 72.35% (280 strains) of strains were Shigella flexneri. F2a subtype was dominated, but the detective rate of Shigella sonnei was increased gradually. Conclusion Bacillary dysentery is still one of important infectious diseases in Zhengzhou,comprehensive measures should be taken to decrease the incidence including health education in targeted area and people in epidemic season.

Combined Effects of Electroacupuncture and Behavioral Training on Learning-Memory Ability and Event-Related Potential P300 in Rats with Mid/Advanced Cerebral Infarction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>The effectiveness of the combination of electroacupuncture (EA) and behavioral training (BT) for mid/advanced cerebral infarction (M/ACI) and related mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects on the learning-memory ability and event-related potential P300 in rats with M/ACI.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Eighty rats with M/ACI were divided into Group Model (M), Group EA, Group BT, and Group EA-BT (n = 20) according to the random number with five healthy rats in Group Control (CON). On the 6 week after modeling, EA, BT, and EA-BT were given to Group EA, Group BT, and Group EA-BT, respectively, whereas Group M and Group CON were not given any intervention. Y-maze test and P300 were recorded before and after the intervention.</p><p><b>Results</b>After intervention, the P300 latency was lower and the amplitude was higher in the Group EA-BT, Group EA, and Group BT than before (for latency, t = -7.638, -4.334, and -5.916; for amplitude, t = 8.125, 3.846, and 5.238; P < 0.01), with Group EA-BT superior to Group EA (for latency, t = -3.708; for amplitude, t = 3.653; P < 0.01) and Group BT (for latency, t = -2.067; for amplitude, t = 2.816; P < 0.05), with no significant difference between Group BT and EA (for latency, t = -1.439; for amplitude, t = 1.075; P > 0.05). While the performances of Y-maze tests in the Group EA-BT, Group EA, and Group BT were all better than before (t = 10.359, 4.520, and 7.791, P < 0.01), with Group EA-BT better than Group EA (t = 5.627, P < 0.01) and Group BT (t = 2.913, P < 0.01) respectively, and Group BT better than Group EA (t = 2.912, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>EA or BT can affect P300 in rats with M/ACI, and the combination of these two methods can significantly improve the learning-memory ability.</p>

Risk factors for early castration-resistant prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapy for bone-metastatic prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the risk factors for early castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients primarily diagnosed with bone-metastatic prostate cancer (BMPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 97 cases of primarily diagnosed BMPC treated in our hospital between January 2010 and May 2016. We included the patients without CRPC in group A and those with CRPC found within 12 months after ADT in group B. We obtained clinical data from the two groups of patients, including preoperative levels of hemoglobin, C-reactive protein and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, incidence rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, long-term use of aspirin or metformin, methods of biopsy and castration, Gleason scores, anti-androgen drugs, and radiotherapy with 89SrCl2, which were subjected to uni- or multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CRPC developed in 48 (49.48%) of the 97 patients within 12 months after ADT. Univariate analysis showed the preoperative hemoglobin level, Gleason scores and biopsy by transurethral plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (TUPKRP) to be the risk factors for early CRPC, and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified two independent risk factors for it, which were the Gleason score (P = 0.010) and TUPKRP (P = 0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence rate of early CRPC is high in BMPC patients within 12 months after ADT, for which the independent risk factors include biopsy by TUPKRP and Gleason scores.</p>

Relationship between HLA Gene Polymorphism and Aplastic Anemia in Northern Chinese Han Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 gene polymorphism and aplastic anemia （AA）of 65 cases in Northern China.@*METHODS@#The high resolution genotyping of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles in 65 AA patients and 772 healthy controls was performed with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO), the relationship between HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 gene polymorphism and aplastic anemia was analyzed by Pearson Chi-square，Continuity Correction， Two-sided Fisher's Exact Test and Odds Ratio.@*RESULTS@#The HLA-B*1302（10% vs 4.21%）, B*3501（7.69% vs 3.89%）, DRB1* 0701（10% vs 4.73%）, DRB1*0901（19.23% vs 7.58%）, DQB1*0202（9.23% vs 3.76%） gene frequency in AA patients was higher than those in health controls, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the χ were 9.049, 4.336, 6.838, 20.974 and 8.968, OR ratio was 2.528, 2.061, 2.239, 2.904 and 2.605. However, the HLA-A*3303（1.54% vs 6.93%）, DQB1*0302（1.54% vs 6.02%） gene frequency in AA patients was lower than those in healthy controls, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the χ was 5.726 and 4.505, the OR ratio were 0.210 and 0.244.@*CONCLUSION@#The polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles is associate with AA in these patient cases, the HLA-B*1302, HLA-B*3501, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*0901 and HLA-DQB1*0202 may be sensitive genes to AA, while the HLA-A*3303 and HLA-DQB1*0302 may be protective genes on AA.

A biomechanical study of keratoconus at different stages of progression / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate and analyze the changes of corneal biomechanics of normal eyes,forme frusta keratoconus eyes,subclinical keratoconus eyes and clinical keratoconus eyes by Corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST),and provide clinical basis for early diagnosis of keratoconus.METHODS: Case-control study.We randomly selected 40 normal eyes as normal group,15 forme frusta keratoconus eyes as forme frusta keratoconus group,23 subclinical keratoconus eyes as subclinical keratoconus group,and 40 clinical keratoconus eyes as keratoconus group.The biomechanical parameters of each group were measured by Corvis ST.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves was plotted to distinguish keratoconus from the normal cornea.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the parameters of biomechanics between normal group and forme frusta keratoconus group (P>0.05).Compared to normal group and subclinical keratoconus group,the parameters second applanation length(AL2),first velocity of applanation (AV1),central curvature radius at highest concavity (HC-radius),deformation amplitude (DA) were revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The biomechanical parameters of the keratoconic group were significantly different from those of normal group except for the second velocity of applanation (AV2),time from the start until the highest concavity(HC-time),peak distance (PD).ROC curve showed that the DA(area under the curve:0.891±0.028) was the best predictive parameter to distinguish keratoconus from the normal eyes.CONCLUSION: The corneal biomechanical parameters of forme frusta keratoconus group are not changed compared with normal group.The changes between normal group and subclinical keratoconus group should combine with other technology to further improve subclinical keratoconic screening.Compared with normal corneas,keratoconus has a great change in biomechanics,which DA diagnosis of the highest efficiency.